Gallery
Q
qip-liu

Follow

density matrices
1 like
9 pages
92 minutes
More

Mixed States a n-qubit quantum, P, I中,> P = { ? 心 不 仫) 不" 不 is a加3.distribution Def (n-qubit mixed state): A Hermitian matrix p E G以2" ① p can be a Hen I pi.lt><til di Fi tou ② p is a 些 and Tip]= 1 Unitary or mixed states., p-0so.pt Measurement, • p measured under {14PYxc.io,y" un R,= <发I ply) see outcome x 一一) 14×) ⑥ {Pi! Ě Pi: I PE Pi­p measured under h Pili , see outc.me i with probability 下[Pip]= 不[Pip. 叼 the state collapse' .rs 不怎管内 An important example; I, { "'" 心 以, 占 11> a | 叫'' h H, up. Y 1-1 p= 主 to><。1+ 气11><" 二 金正 f 出十741 十 卦><-1 = 专.I 3, f Wi Y ly, up. y y y P"= 主,正 垒'in general六点灬灬= 主正_ Ci En maxima ly mixed state 二点㮺!㖄 {14八点yieathon.me1 basic for a". Combing Tw systems, 14) 147 年 占 147014) n-quhitm-quht­ktp.de sable system A, f describe system B. Then p, a pz describe the joint system of AB (AB are independent). pjlilei­p.GR !Iii in R= P",, exay, f = E Pil di><til 二 了 up. Pi, 14-> f= I9; 14;><灲 = 3 wp-qj.lt­?z=Ywp-Pi9j.l4i70lY7l4isl4i) | = 吾 Piqj 14叫门4ik4il­p.ae ㄧ (三Pile><4门区 (平91-14><出1) 二 言 Pili (Hfyalnf><炒 二 言 Pig . 147145><414;1 = P.2 Classical / classical.Quantum System: ① 点…n 73 1x><×1 = distiibwtononn-bitstmgs­up-p.se "x" Pi Yn IE.ly><×1 = ''mon dy mixed states" = aunifomdistnhuhonoreuany­bac.is states 114Pba。心 = 共主14》4×1 ② classical_quantum state i­s"is a mixed state I xao.in 不 以名💔 fi up, R, A will own the classical info "x", Bull have pi' , Partial Trace, AB 言 (100)十"" I EPR pair easy example, classical_ quantum system p= I 7了, 心《If Ppp desai ble B's state :二 点… R.fi二 Trip] (separable states) easy example i­f 忘i.pioxpi­des.ie B's stale = 忌…7了, pj" 二 百 [p] Not d slates are separable ! For example, EPR pair, 下。 后 PA B , PA 二 后 GAB了 , fi 有 [PA BI General Case i n-quh.it state mquht state A B apply operator on B AB Should not A's new ! AD → classical_quantum state we apply standard basic measurement on B or projective measurement { 其🙁 心训吖…in An measured under this projectile measurement! up, I[(正💔心心17.A。]=pu the state collapses to (亚以川)。!:-(_, piano><ol fi💔117! AB 二 ( piian_n.my/­pj=(IAQal)'Ai(IAahn) so the state becomes A B= 平 (岳💔In><ul),AB, CIA Glu><u1) 二 会 hi💔 In><u l t = 会不做"了,器啊.lu><ul PAR and Ai has the same mixed state over A PA: PA' 二 点 Pii: 会 画区心)-hi CIA.ms) '' Til门 前的门 KAIfh.ee2吺zn.im 有[名]= u点nttcuD-p.GG/uy- 9型i EPR 声(心+M) An = 专 (100) +111》 《001tail) AB = 全 心cool + 主 111><111 Pipit to><。1+ 主11741 二 主正 @二. Measurement as NOT t Partial Trace (delayed measurement) lol)= 忘f" is 1212 see o , 心 Hi see I. , 117 三。 1017只3 | ② CNG, I 为'对方 ⑦ "dis gard" B or only look at A PA 二 平 Hi lx><×1 = {becomes I》, up, 以12 9😐. I+7 us. distribution (心心) H)=主(心+11》 当,正 二 I Hit It Its a ez. No faster than light communication. I E PRI,, 二 言 必计""AB view so, Alice and Bob both measure up. Yz they see oo up. y, they see I? View🙂i­f = 当10><0441><11 = 0灬呫蕊😐器(one-hit) kc-3o.li for any message m , Im> K。 Gc (km)= mak '"" (Iman) Gc"""Y x m) ki the stab of Enc Clam) is ㄨ= 11><oltlo><" 专 Im><m l + 全 Im🙁I><ma Il 二点 107《It Ill><11 = "maximally mixed state"。 = (%) quantum attempt, 14)= 2lost All) Gc Ck, 147)= { 107 K… 2117+ p。> K: 1 47 107 11, when 147= H>, or 1-> 1-) 心 (-1)117 k-Encco.lt?tH7­K-lEncCI,H7)=lt7 quantum one time pad K , k-ho.lt d­frencyptngonputdioud-fuencyptngphasesz.lt> →1-7 Z1- →it, basis info Zi 小心tpl1) → 2107- p11> X he Encck.k.lt>) = 如😉147 二两…iii = 21K。, t Cl)Kyoko) the pure state for euythrgi 蝨 主"㖌烗,🙂 ㄨ簽器 = 14.> the mixed state fr the ciphertext i f = 不纵[Hi出门 二 千 点 Xkzkl中><41zkxk。 = 专言姒识难><㥃xk 蕊. Z-tuirliappyaunifomZK.in p 三 measure P under standard basis PI. f 14741 14)= 2心+M Z14)= 2107-pin IN><41+当Z14><41Z -儁戳到是!.嚠 = (然j)= iyyni.my, Pi 专 言i (i i) i were 二 RM-ltp.li><11 distribution on classical states = 7? 当Exklo><。1x K = 当二 十万, 专 "三一二 言,正 = (Rtp,),当,二 三 生,正

More
#quantum
#crypto
3 years ago

More like this