CROSS SECTIONALSTUDIESLOGITUDINAL STUDIESonegroupofpeoplestudiedparticipantsofdifferentages overaperiodoftimestudied atthesametimeU IT 5developmentalpsychologyTWOMAJORDEVELOPMENTALISSUEScontinuity andstagesresearcherswhonewdevelopmentasaslowcontinuousprocessaregenerallythosewhoemphasizeexperience learningThonw abiologicalperspectiveontheotherhandnewmaturation developmentas aseriesofgeneticallypredisposed stabilityandchangestepsorstages lifelongdevelopmentrequiresbothstability changePersonalitygraduallystabilizesaspeopleageHoweverthisdoesnotmeanthatourtraitsdonotchangeoveralifetimeSometemperamentsaremorestablethanothersSigmundFreudErinEnmon STAGETHEORISTSteapot FreudEriksonandPiagetallbelievedthatwetravelfromstagetostagethroughoutourlifetimesSIMH a oral stage aGe o cseekpleasurethroughourmouths developsduringtoiletTrainingummmm amFREUD 1856 1939 theoralreceptivepersonalityispreweallhavealibidosexualdrive controllingandexpellingmannnn sii mmourlibidotravelstodifferentareasofourbodythroughoutour andsensitivetorejectionTheywill apersonfixatedmaybedevelopment easilyswallowotherpeople'sideas comeoverlycontrollingretentive orout control www.wmmpa www.msn.mganyoneareawehavebecome hostileandverballyabuswetoothers NNNfixatedonit uringmonthbasedaggressiontogetherFreudcalledthesestages PHALLICSTAGE 3 6 LATENCYSTAGE 6 12ourPsychosexualStagesof childrenfirstrecognizetheirDevelopment gender 47driveistransformedtoGENITALSTAGE 12 DEATH causesconflictonfamiliesw allowforselfdiscoverylibido isfocusedontheirgenitals theOedipus ElectraCompletes ThruhobbiesandinterestsaandsexualrelationshipswtheoppgenderFrendthoughtbalancemallareas inrelationships leadtoeaseordifficultyoflifeandrelationshipsreflecta relatingtoothersmentallyhealthyindividualI KTrustUS MISTRUST INFANCYNIYEAR1902Iggy IHOcanababytrusttheworldtofulfillitsneeds aneoFreudianworkedw AnnaFreudthetrustormistrusttherydevelop thoughtourpersonalitywasinfluencedbycancarryonwthechildforthe ourexperienceswothersw4 mmmm mptychosoctaggytognaconflictAutonomyusSHAME DOUBT CITO3YEARSarevinarofFreud'stheoryToddlersbegintocontroltheirbodiestoilettramay EriksonfocusedonhealthychilddevelopmentcontroltemperTantrums Eriksonproposed8stagesofpsychosocialdevelopmentbigword ME plusonein 1997cantheylearncontrolorwilltheydoubtthemselves6YEARSTOPUBERTYINITIATIVEVSGUILT 3TO6YEARS schoolbeginswww.wyyyyygyygyywordturnsfromNotoWHY weareforthefusttineevaluatedbyourpeersandaformalsystemdowefeelgoodbadaboutouraccomplishmentsUthecuriosityencouragedorscoldedcankadistofeelingbadaboutourselvesfurtherestofourliverIDENTITY VS ROLECONFUSIONinferioritycomplexTEENYEARSINTO20smourteenageyearswetryoutdifferentroleswhoamIMARRIAGEatleasta 5 1ratio positivetonegativein ifIdonotfindmyself 7identitycrisis tenactionsin aclearindicatorofahealthyrelationshipINTIMACY VS ISOLATION20s TOEARLY40s GENERATIVITY VSSTAGNATIONhave tbalanceworkandrelationships iseverythinggoingasplannedwhataremypriorities am IhappywwhatIcreatedmid lifecrisisINTEGRITY VS DESPAIRn myye ayyy g my myLIFETRANSITon US LIFECOMPLETIONlookbackonlife LATE80sANDOP GEOTRANSCENDENCEJoanEriksoncompletedworkonthe9thstageofdevelopmentfromnotesmadebyherhusbandbeforehediedwthe9thstagethe oldpersonconfrontsallpreviouseightstagesagain butthisPRENATALDEVELOPMENTthenegativepolenewtakesadominantroleconceptionbeginsw thedropofanegg time allstagesconvergeatthesametimereleaseofaboutsoomillionspermthespermseeksouttheeggandattemptstopenetratetheeggssurfaceCRITICALPERIODSatwhatprenatalstage isthedevelopingbabymostvulnerabletotoxinssuchasalcoholcocaineandcigarettesmokearetheeffectsmoreseverewhentheexposureoccursearlyinpregnancyoraretheymoreseverewhentheexposureoccursclosertobirthCONCEPTIONtheprocessoffertilizationwhereaspermcellcombinesw aneggtocreateaneworganismOVULATIONreleaseofaneggovumfromfemaleJt tprocessthatoccursduringcelldivisioninwhicheachnewcelliscommittedtobecome aparticularstructure lessthanhalfofzygotesSTAGESOFPRENATALDEVELOPMENT survivethefirst2wks0 implantation alodaysafterconceptionzygotepasttheembryonicstage weeks3 8Fmanager www.a.g.e.tnattachestouterinewall0 miscarriage 0 criticalperiods0 stillbirthN thO proximadistalpattern Iggyfetalstage 9wks birth38 40wks4thefetusbya lemo thestomach otherorganshaveformedenoughtosurviveoutsideofthemother0 atthistimethebabycanhearandrecognizesoundsandrespondtolightTHEMOTHER'SHEALTH AGEifawomanis carryinganinfectiousdiseasewhilepregnantitcanendangerthefetusherpessyphallisHivIAIDSmother'sageteratogens theireffectsonthedevelopingbrainandmindIanysubstanceorconditionthatmightdisruptprenataldevelopmentcausebirthdefectsalcoholcocaineandcigaretteuseduringpregnancy2FetalAlcoholSyndrome FAS0syndromeofbirthdefectscausedbyprenatalexposuretoalcohol0 lowered 1Qhyperactivitygrowthdefectsphysicalmalformations2Cocaine0retardsgrowthcancausepretermbirthmalformations inthebaby'sbrainintestinesandgenitalurinarytractCigaretteSmoking0 containsmorethan450differentharmfulchemicalslikenicotinecarbonmonoxideandcyanide0 damagetheplacentareducethebloodsupplyoxygenPhysicalDEVELOPMENT ININFANCY CHILDHOODnutrientsfertufetusmaturationthedevelopmentofthebrainunfoldsbasedongeneticinstructionscausingvariousbodilyandmentalfunctionstooccurinsequencestandingbeforewalkingbabblingbeforetalkingtounderstandtheemergenceofmotorskills memorywemustunderstandthedevelopingbrain maturationsetsthebasiccourseofdevelopmentwhileexperiencyadjustsitnowcomb fits.tntentsof sonsmellandtastevisualacuity theabilitytoseefinedetail IMMEDIATELYAFTERBIRTHTHEIRFACIALvisualacuityfornewbornsisbetween201150 201600 EXPRESSIONSSHOWTHATNEWBORNSREACTToinfantsreach20120by6to rmonths CERTAINOdorsin amannersimilartocanTHEYSEEDIFFERENTCOLOR ADULTScolorvisionisrelativelymatureby6monthsHowDEEPisTHATDrop EARLYDEPTHPERCEPTION LATELYAFTERBIRTHEVENBEFORETHEIRdepthperceptionisavailablebythetimeinfantslearntocrawl FIRSTFEEDINGShowwelldoinfantshearEVENBEFOREBIRTHFETUSESREACTTOLOUDNOISESBY6MOOFAGEINFANTSRESPONDTOABROADRANGEOFSOUNDSINCLUDINGmother developmentREFLEXES theinfant'sfirstcoordinatedmovementsvoluntaryMOVEMENTS themotormilestonesCULTURALDIFFERENCESINEARLYEXPERIENCEinvoluntarymovementselicitedbyenvironmentalstimuli REE É ISrootingreflex ifyoutouchanewborn'scheektheinfant'sheadwillturninthedirectionofthetouchs suckingreflex ifanythingtouchesaninfant'slipstheinfantautomaticallythemotor beginstosuckr o INTMYMovÉMINTS milestones graspingreflexwhenanobjecttouchesandynamicsystemstheoryThelen1989 infant'spalmthebabywillattempttograbgrossmotordevelopmentprocessofcoordinatingintricatemovementswthelargemusclesinthebodyfinemotordevelopmentprocessofcoordinatingintricateJmovementsw smallermusclesproximodistalf fpalmarGrasp Hands GsomooldpincerGRASPC alomoold cognitivedevelopmentfocusesonTRIPODGRASP howchildrenthinkandhowtheirSTEPPINGREFLEX ThinkingimpactsTheiractionsMoro CHANGEPosOFBABY ARMSLEGScomeup childrenlearndifferentlythanBABINSKI PRESSONSIDEOFFOOT TOESMEND adultsbyadjustingtheirownunderstandingastheyexploretheworldmentalschemer motordevelopmentinfantsrollover sit'insupported o'Eaumidiateassimilationaccommodationexperiencehastittleeffectonthissequeme stagesofdevelopmentsensorimotorpreoperationalconcreteoperationalschemas thewayweinterprettheworldaroundus formaloperationalchildrennewtheworldthroughschemaslasdoadultsforthemostpart Piagetbelievedthatthedrivingforcebehindintellectualdevelopmentisassimilation incorporatingnewexperiencesintoexistingschemas ourbiologicaldevelopmentamidstflteacha3yearordthatadogisananimalw 4legstatail experienceswtheenvironmenti helshewillassimilateanyanmalthatftsthebroaddescriptionasadogassimilationinhighschool whenyoufirstmeetsomebodyyouwillassimilatethemintoaschemayoualreadyhave shapedbytheerrorswematemodation changinganexistingsenematoadapttonenwww.dwewpmentitSENSORIMOTORSTAGEexperiencetheworldthruPiagetbelievedchildreninthesensorimotorstage DTriothavepermanencecouldnotthink theydon'thaveanyabstract 0 2conceptsorideasHoweverresearchshowsthat T babiestakeuntheworldlychildrena thesensorimotorstagecanthink lookinghearingtouchingandcount mouthing andgraspingMATURATION INFANTMEMORYtheearlieststageofconsciousmemoryisaround342yrs asylohasaseniseofselfandanincreasedlongtermmemoryorganizationofmemoryisdifferentfrom34years1 childrenunderstandthebasiclawsofphysicsTheyareamazedathowaballcanstopinmidairordisappear2 childrencanalsocountWynn 1992,2000showedthatchildrenstaredlongeratthewrong ofobjectsSOCIALANDEMOTIONALDEVELOPMENTupuntiln8moinfantsdon'tmindstrangepplmaybebleeveryoneisstrangetothematalyrinfantsdevelopstrangeranxietythisistheageatwhichinfantsform SEPERATIONANXIETYschemasforfamiliarfacesandcannotassimilateanewface separationanxietypeaksatismoofageregardlessofwhetherthechildrenarenomeorseuttodaycarevPREOPERATIONAL STAGE2 7