Medications
MEDICATIONSUMANS
Pharmokinetics
studyofabsorptiondistributionmetabolismaexcretionADME inthehumanbody
knowledgeofhowmedicationsworkinthebodytheireffectsonspecificorganstheirintendedactionsaadversemedreactions
Absorptionmovementofmedicationfromwhereitwasadministeredentersthebody
tothecirculatorysystem
affectsthespeedaintensityofthemealactioninthebody
factorsaffectingrateofabsorption
orouteofadministrationpointwheremedentersbody
oionizationthepitofmedicationasiteofabsorption
odissolutionmedicationmustbedissolvedbeforeabsorptionhappens
obloodflowmedsareabsorbedfasterwherebloodflowisnigh
olipidsolubilitymedformulationcaneitherhavehighorlowlipidsolubility
osurfaceareaofabsorptivesite
oclientspecificfactorspathophysiologicalprocessesdiseaseinjuryageetc
Distributionprocesstothetargetorgansitissuesfollowingabsorptionintocirculatorysystem
affectedbyclientscirculatorystatusorbloodflowmeassolubilityaproteinbindingability
onianitvascularizedareasrelievegreatestbloodsupply
oneart oliver
obrain okidney
olowvascularizedareasbonesskinadiposetissue
MetabolismBiotransformation chemicalprocessofconvertingamedicationsstructure
canresultinamplifiedmedicationactivityinactivationofmedsorincreasedexcretionviakidneysacantoxicitylevelsofmeds
me9181Emigrantgift Yferentimescytochromep.uao toactiveainactivesubstancestoallowfortheirexcretion
optswkidneyaliverdiseasemayhaveslowrateofmedicationclearance
maytransformspecificmedstoanotherform moreactiveorpotentform
ocodeinemorphineresultinginapainrelief
prodrugsinactivechemicalsthatareactivatedthroughmetabolismtoexerttherapeuticaffects
firstpasseffect
canresultinlowerconcentrationofmedicationreachingsystemiccirculationif amalorityof
themedicationhasalreadybeenmetabolizedintoaninactiveformbeforeitentersthebloodstream
knowledgeiscrucialfordeterminingappropriateroute
Cypenzymesfoundonlivercellsplayaroleonmedicationmetabolism
obyregulatingrateatwhichamedicationisbrokendownatheamountoftime
medicationstaysinbody
Nutrientscaninfluencemedicationmetabolism
Excretionprocessthatmedicationisremovedfrombody
kidneysareprimaryorgan
rateofmedexcretionisaffectedbykidneyheartaliverfunctioninfluencemedconcentrationinbody
medicationtoxicitywhenboatisunabletometabolizeaexcreteamed
omaycauseirreviversabledamagetoorgans
Medicationpreperation
pharmocodynamicsstudyofnowmedworksitsrelationshiptomedicationconcentrationanowbodyrespondsthreaten
therapeuticdrugmonitoringTDM methodusedbyhealthcareproviderstomonitormedicationconcentrationinPtblood
ousedformedsthathavenarrowtherapeuticwindow safewocausingadversemedreaction
peakandtroughbloodlevelshelpmaintaintherapeuticmedlevels
opeakbloodlevelswhenmedisathighestconcentrationbutbelowtoxiclevel
ooccurwhenabsorptioniscomplete
otroughbloodlevelslowestlevelofconcentrationofmedthatcoorelatestorateofelimination
omeasuredbeforeadministratingnextscheduleddose
halflifetimeittakesformedicationtofailtohaltit strengththroughexcretion
omedicationswithlongerhalflifemaybeadministeredoncedailytomaintain
therapeuticlevel
odiarapamhalflife20honours
Adversedrugreactions
unintendedanontherapeuticeffectsofmedicationcanrangefromtolerabletoharmful
adversedrugeventlifethreateningmedicationreactionthatrequiresmedicalinterventiontopreventdeathpermanent
disabilitycongenitalanomalyorcausesprolongshospitalization
omustbereportedtoFDAsoagencycanimprovesafetyoutcomesreviselabels warningsawithdrawmedfrommarke
Allergicreactions
whenbodyperceivesmeaas aforeignsubstancestimulatinganimmuneresponse
Anaphylaxis
severereactioninwhichimmuneresponsecausesdyspneahypotension tachycardia
StevenJonneonsyndromeSTs
or14daysfollowingadministration
orespiratorydistressfeverchillsdiffusefinerashfollowedbyblisters
Medicationinteractions
arugdruginteractionseffectthattwoormorearrasthatPtisadministeredhaveoneachother
ointeractionsmayincludeintensityinatheeffectsofoneofthemedsordecreasingaffectsofoneofmeds
drugfoodinteractionseffectsofnutrientsontheADmeofmedications
drugherbalsupplementinteractionseffectssimilartodrugdrug
Factorsaffectingmedactions
teratogenicmedicationsthatcancausefetaldefectspregnancylossprematurityordevelopmentaldisabilities
ococaine onceinhibitors
oalcohol ogentamicin
onsaid otetracyline