(Notes) 1.3: Social Relations
U I I MEN 1ffsimplycalledpredjudgementiaprejudiceisan
unjustifiableusuallynegativeattitudetowardagroupt
ItsmembersPrejudiceisoftendirectedtowardsdifferentculturalethnicor
social anti social gendergroups
relations overthedurationoftime
manyprejudices COMPONENTSOFPREJUDICE
againstinterracialmarriagegender
Presumed
qq.my
racialattitudes homosexualityandminoritieshave 1beliefsstereotypes
9110whiterespondentswereslow decreased 2 emotionshostility
whenrespondingtowordslikepeaceor racialandgenderparadise envyfear
paradise whentheysawablackin Americanstodayexpressmuchless 3predispositiontoact
racial genderprejudicebutprejudicesdividual'sphoto Hugenburg Bodenhausen
stillexistgenderattitudes
mostwomenliveinmorepovertythan
men
morepeoplefeelpositivelytowardwomen
In gg I iwgfGE ET a'thoughpresudiceprevansagainstwomen
thereisapreferenceformalechildrenin
abortionlawsoutlawed
prejudicedevelopswhenpeoplehavemoneypowerandprestigeand
ROOTS OFPREJUDICE othersdonotSocialinequalityincreasesprejudice
why doesprejudicearise 4
a
ambivalentsexism
2 socialdivisions discrimination ideologiesthatisbeliefsthatservetojustifyandmaintaininequality
3scapegoatingemotion betweengroups
relativetononsexistsambivalent threeseparatesub factorsof
sexistmenspontaneouslycategorize benevolent
sexism
womenintoliked dislikedsubtypes protectivepaternalism lewomen
traditionalusnontraditional oughttoberescuedfirstinemergenaes
goodsexyvsunattractive deviantsexuality complementarygenderdifferentiation
womenwhoareputonapedestaland iewomenarepurerthanmen
otherswhoareplacedinthegutter heterosexualintimacy ieevery
Byhabituallytypungwomensexists manoughttohaveawomanhe
canmaintainboththeirpositiveand adores
negativebeliefsaboutwomen
withoutexperiencingconflict
emotional roots ofPrejudice
prejudiceprovidesanoutletforanger negativeemotionsbyprovidingsomeonetoblame ieafter9111manypeoplelashed
outagainstinnocentArabAmericans
Socialroots ofPrejudice us andthemIdentity
INGROUPpeoplewithwhomonesharesacommonidentity
OUTGROUPthoseperceivedasdifferentfromone'singroup
INGROUPBIAS thetendencytofavorone'sowngroup
COGNITIVEroots ofPrejudice
onewaywesimplifyourworldistocategorizeWecategorizepeopleintogroupsbystereotypingthem
cognitivebiasleadstoblamingthevictim
pep I j jpla he p p g y
thejustworldphenomenon
poorpeoplejustneedto'workharder
everythinghappensforareason
whatgoesaroundcomesaround
karma
TheBaronessbroughtherfateuponherself
Invividcasessuchastheallattacksterroristscanfeedstereotypesorprejudicesterrorism mostterrorists
arenonMuslims
Islam terrorists
HINDSIGHTBIAS
afterlearninganoutcomethetendencytobelievethat weknewitallalong maycontributetoblamingthevictimandforming
aprejudiceagainstthem
REISIG icanbeanyphysicalorverbal
behaviorintendedtohurtor
destroy Itmaybedonereactivelyoutofhostitityorproactivelyasa
calculatedmeanstoanendResearchshowsthataggressivebehavior
emergesfromtheinteractionofbiologyandexperience
biologyofaggression
geneticinfluencesanimalshavebeenbredfor
aggressivenessforsport attimesforresearchTwin
studiesshowaggressionispossiblylinkedtotheYchromosome
neutralinfluences somecentersinthebrainespeciallythelimbicsystemamygdalaandthe
frontallobe areintimatelyinvolvedwaggression
biochemicalinfluences
sexuallycoercivemen
arepromiscuousand
hostileintheirrela
l dealingwaversiveevents tonshipswwomen
2 learningaggressionisrewarding Thiscoercivenesshas
É
ÉÉÉ É
wnenaggression
visionnewingofr
wninanma.sg.sioutcomesoneteams
unpleasanteventsreveal Thisisshownin Themediaportrayssocialscriptsand
thatthosemademis bothanimalsand generatesmentaltapesinthemindsof
erableoftenmakeothers humans viewersWhenconfrontedwnewsituations
miserable individualsmayrelyonsuchscripts If
socialscriptsareviolentinnaturepeople
mayactthemout
TIGN proximitygeographicnearnessisapowerfulpredictoroffriendshipof
friendshipRepeatedexposuretonovelstimuliincreasestheirattraction mereexposure
effect
Physicalattractiveness onceproximityaffordscontactthenextmost
importantthinginattractionisphysicalappearance
Similarity similarviewsamongindividualscausesthebondofattraction
tostrengthen similaritybreedscontent
romantic
tore
passionatelove anarousedstateofintensepositive
absorptioninanotherusuallypresentatthebeginningof
aloverelationship
Twofactortheoryofemotion
1physicalarousal cognitiveappraisal
2arousalfromanysourcecanenhanceone
emotiondependinguponwhatweinterpretor
labelthearousal
companionatelove adeepaffectionateattachmentwefeel
forthosewithwhomourlivesareintertwined
MrTripp
hgyOF
LOVE
I ROBERTSTEINBURG
commitment
Intimacy emotional bindsusw commondedication affection
passion motivational theromanticaphysicalelementofarelationship
commitment cognitive hastwostages 1 thedecisionthatyoulovesomeoneand2thedetermination
tomaintainthatloveovertime
TUISV themotivationalhypothesis
anunselfishregardforthewelfareofothers
Dcomplexdefinitions money antisemeticornot
Osituationalfactors footinthedoor
I I0characteristicsofcommittedrescuers
adventurousness
3YS A JERparentalmodelofmoralconduct
socialmarginalitywastypical
thetendencyofany IFFEC
givenbystandertobelesslikelytogiveaid
ifotherbystandersarepresent
bystanderintervention thedecisionmakingprocessforbystanderintervention
t
canalsobeknownastheGenoveseeffectnamedafter
yeKittyGenovese
awomanwhowasmurdered
innmmanwhile
neighborswatched
yetdidn'tsignalcallforhelp
t
ELPINGNORMS
socialexchangetheory selfinterestunderliesallbehavior costbenefitanalysis
reciprocitynormsocializedtoreturnhelptothosewhohavehelpedus
socialresponsibilitynormsocializedtohelp
this men of CONFLICTsuperiority perceivedasanincompatibilityof
injustice
vulnerability conflictarethesameatalllevelsindividualscorebeliefsandgroups
distrust worldviews
helplessness
CONTACT COOPERATION Inewayoutofconflict
osuperordinategoals sharedgoalsthatoverridedifferencesamongpeopleandrequiretheircooperation
communicationandunderstandingdevelopedthroughtalkingtooneanotherSometimesitismediated
bya3rdparty
communicationandconciliation
Graduated ReciprocatedInitiativesinTensionReduction Grit
ThisisastrategydesignedtodecreaseinternationaltensionsOneside
recognizesmutualinterestsandinitiatesasmallconciliatoryact
thatopensthedoorforreciprocation
bytheotherparty