Summer Exam latin
Y7 - Latin Summer Exam 2022 Key Things to Revise
VOCAB: (All the vocab from Chapter 3, including what part of speech)
VERBS
pugnō pugnāre, pugnāvī fight Remember the principal parts:
1st = present tense (e.g. pugno = I fight) To
find the present stem, take off the -o (e.g.
pugn-)
2nd = infinitive (e.g. pugnare = to fight) To
find the conjugation, look at the vowel before
the -re: 1st = are, 2nd = ēre, 3rd =ere, 4th = ire.
3rd = perfect tense (e.g. pugnavi = I fought)
To find the perfect stem, take off the -i (e.g.
pugnav-)
possum, posse, potui is an irregular verb
iubeō iubēre, iūssī order
ascendō ascendere, ascendī climb
dēscendō dēscendere, dēscendī go down; come down
petō petere, petīvī make for; seek; beg / ask for
cōnspiciō cōnspicere, cōnspexī catch sight of; notice
audiō audīre, audīvī hear; listen to
possum posse, potuī can; be able
NOUNS
terra terr- 1f ground; land; country Remember in the second column:
The number = the declension
The f/m/n = the gender (feminine, masculine or
neuter)
The second part e.g. terr- = the stem (the bit
you add the endings to)
equus equ- 2m horse
caelum cael- 2n sky; heaven
auxilium auxili- 2n help
mōns mont- 3m mountain
mare mar- 3n sea
ADJECTIVES
bonus bona, bonum good These are 2-1-2 adjectives. To find their stem,
take of the -us/-a/-um ending (e.g. the stem of
bonus = bon-)magnus magna, magnum big; large; great
malus mala, malum evil; bad
difficilis difficil- difficult These are 3rd declension adjectives. Their stem
is the second part (e.g. difficil-)
facilis facil- easy
fēlīx fēlīc- fortunate; happy; lucky
PREPOSITIONS
ā, ab + ablative from; away from; by Remember:
These are all followed by a noun in the ablative
case.
Watch out for in:
in + abl = in BUT in +acc = into
cum + ablative with
dē + ablative from; down from; about
ē, ex + ablative from; out of; out from
in + ablative in; on
ADVERBS
celeriter quickly Remember:
most adverbs look like adjectives but end in
-ter (like celeriter)
adverbs DO NOT change their endings
diū for a long time
ōlim once; some time ago
subitō suddenly
tandem at last; finally
GRAMMAR (The ablative, imperfect/perfect tenses and irregular principal parts)
ey
iHeart
earnt
1. Terms to know:
Derivation (English word which looks like the Latin and means something similar)
Stem (the part of the word which does not change onto which you add the endings)
Declension (a group of nouns with similar endings)
Conjugation (a group of verbs with similar endings)
Principal Parts (the three parts of the verb you see in a vocab list)
Infinitive (the second principal part; translated as to .. e.g. amare = to love
Tense (endings which tell us when the verb happened)
2. The Ablative
1st
declensio
n
2nd
declension
3rd
declension
ablative sg -a -o -e / -i*
ablative pl -is -is -ibus
(* 3rd declension has two options: -e ending for nouns
and -i ending for adjectives)
The ablative is used:
1. After a prepositions
2. To mean by, with or from
3. Recognising the Imperfect & Perfect tenses
e.g. Latin endings How to translate it...
Perfect petivimus OR
rexit
-i, -isti, -it, -imus, -istis, -erunt have/ -ed
(e.g. we have asked for OR she ruled)
Imperfect petebas OR
regebam
-bam, -bas, -bat, -bamus, -batis,
-bant
was/were
(e.g. you were asking for OR I was ruling)
4. Irregular Principal Parts
sum (= I am) esse (= to be) fui (= I was)
possum (= I am able/ I
can)
posse (=to be
able)
potui (= I was able/ I
could)
eō (= I go) īre (= to go) īvī (=I went)
CULTURE (More gods and goddesses)
Jupiter, Juno and Minerva had a temple on the Capitoline Hill which the Romans believed was their home.
Romans going to war would promise Jupiter a laurel wreath; if they won, they would parade up to the
Capitoline and sacrifice to Jupiter there.
Janus god of doorways and transitions; two faces; the doors of his shrine in Rome (the Janus Geminus)
symbolised whether Rome was at war (doors open) or at peace (doors closed).
Vesta goddess of the hearth; Romans sacrificed to her daily; she had a temple in the forum containing sacred
fire which her priestesses, the Vestal Virgins would keep burning.
Penates household gods who protected the family; Romans believed the public Penates had been brought to
Rome by Aeneas when he fled Troy. The story says that the ghost of Trojan prince Hector appeared in a dream
and told him to take them, along with Vesta’s fire, and found a new city in Italy.
Lares spirits of the familys ancestors; worshipped in a household shrine called a Lararium.
Quirinus –Romulus as a god; when he disappeared from an assembly in a whirlwind, the senators had probably
killed him but some Romans said they had seen him taken into the sky to become a god. He was worshipped as
the god, Quirinus.
Personified Deities Spes (Hope), Pax (Peace), Salus (Safety), Pietas (Duty), Fortuna (Chance), Victoria (Victory)
Imperfect
was were
marks
1008 iubereless order
ascent ascenderascend climb
descendo descenders descentgodown
pet peterepetta beg
conspicio conspicere conspee catchsightof
possum possepoint can beable
74 the answer
tight order cnn.to godowncomedown
Makoto seekbegask.io catchsightofnotice
neatistento can ate
IÉÉÉ aronow
Gmarks
eons env anhouse
column coolasks
summon sumnanhelp
moms none a mountain
more nor in sea
74 the answer
woundandcounty sea noise
skyheaven hep mountain
marks
bonus bonobohungood
Moanus magnaMagnumbiglarge
Malus noo Malvin evil
atticis difficit difficult
tactis foal easy
Fix tic fourtunate
nd the answer
1008 b'd age great eve bad
oticul easy fortunatehappy icky
eerie quiet 5marks
do longtime
J nonces
subtosuddenly
orderfinals
74 the answer
fast tha y suddenly
once some the 210
quicky or a ONI the
15 mark
5 26 tab alive
CUT tab live
85 tab live
I Pk tab live
in tab live
74 the answer
Tom out of out on
Fom downton about
it on
FOM away Toni by NIH
28marks intotal
imperfectfence
washer
barn bas bat
bamis batis bant
imperfect fence
was here
bam bas bat
bathis batis bent
imperfectly
washer
ban bats bat
bambas bat
bam bas but
bam bas bat
bambas bat
bambas bat
bambasabat
Nominative
Accusation
a Us anybody s guess
ae I es
ABlatie
A O E
is is i bus
Perfect tones
I is ti it im us is tie rant
imperfect tener
bam bas bat
bamis bans bant
bam bas bat
banis batis bant