Scientific Answers 1
Scientific Answers
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Contents:
Quiz 14 -16
Chapter Topic Page
Chapter 1 Space 3-6
Chapter 2 Mechanic 7-10
Chapter 3
Environment
Pollution 11-13
Space
Existence of Water on Mars
“Mars is a ‘terrestrial planet’ with a thin and sparse atmosphere, and a surface that combines the impact craters of the Moon
with volcanoes, valleys, deserts, and the polar ice caps of Earth. It also appears to have periodically recurring ‘seasons of the
year’.”
In July 2018, scientists from the Italian Space Agency reported that they had detected a subglacial lake on Mars, located 1.5
km beneath the south polar ice cap and extending 20 km horizontally. This was the first evidence of the existence of a stable
body of liquid water on the planet.
Source: Wikipedia
The subsurface of Mars. There is water in Mars The NASA image of the surface of Mars.
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Exoplanets
The planets in the image above are highly likely to be habitable. In this image, you will see some of the 23 potentially habitable
planets in the universe. These planets are Kepler-22b, Kepler-69c, Kepler-62e, Kepler-62f, and Earth, where we live. The
planets with the highest chances of hosting life are Kepler-186f and Kepler-442.
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Planet earth
Earth, the planet we live
The Earth weighs 5,970,000,000,000,000,000,000 tons. It is the third planet in position from the Sun. The exact distance
of the Earth from the Sun is 149.6 million kilometers. Its gravitational acceleration is 9.81 m/s².
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only known planet to support life. It has a diameter of about 12,742 km (7,918
miles) and is composed of three main layers: the crust, mantle, and core. The atmosphere, primarily composed of nitrogen
(78%) and oxygen (21%), plays a crucial role in sustaining life by protecting it from harmful radiation and helping regulate
temperature.
Earth’s surface is 71% water, mainly oceans, with continents and islands covering the remaining 29%. The planet has a variety
of ecosystems and climates, from polar ice caps to tropical rainforests, which support a vast diversity of species.
The planet’s gravity is strong enough to hold onto an atmosphere and maintain liquid water, which is essential for life as we
know it. Earth also has a natural satellite, the Moon, which influences tides and has a stabilizing effect on the planet’s axial tilt,
helping maintain a relatively stable climate over long periods. Πηγή: εγκυκλοπαίδεια Disney διάστημα
Mechanic
Our world would be different without the contribution of engineers and architects. Engineers construct machines and build
bridges, roads, and dams. They also erect buildings, making the best possible use of space in combination with aesthetic
appearance. Both architects and engineers need to understand the use of metals, rocks, and other materials to construct
durable structures with proper functionality. The advancement in technology, such as the advent of steam, allowed them to
experiment with new ideas.”
Πηγή: Μεγάλες προσωπικότητες εγκυκλοπαίδεια Disney
Airplanes
The airplane is a motorized fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by a jet engine or a propeller. There are airplanes of
various sizes, designs, and wing configurations. The wide range of uses for airplanes includes recreation, the transportation of
goods and people, the military, and research. Commercial aviation is a massive industry that involves flights carrying tens of
thousands of passengers daily by airlines. Most airplanes are operated by a pilot, but there are some that are controlled
remotely or by computer.
The Wright brothers invented and flew the first airplane in 1903, and were recognized as “the first to achieve sustained and
controlled flight with a heavier-than-air power.” They built the airplane based on the designs of George Cayley, dating back to
1799, when he defined the concept of the modern airplane (and later successfully built and flew aircraft models and gliders).
Between 1867 and 1896, the German aviation pioneer Otto Lilienthal studied heavier-than-air flight. Despite its limited use
during World War I, aircraft technology continued to evolve. Airplanes played a role in all the major battles of World War II.
The first jet aircraft was the German Heinkel He 178 in 1939. The first jet passenger airplane was the de Havilland Comet,
which flew in 1952. The Boeing 707, the first widely successful commercial jet aircraft, was in use for over 50 years, from
1958 to 2013.
Πηγή: Wikipedia
Concord
The Concorde was the fastest airplane in the world. It flew at 2,180 kilometers per
hour (1,354 miles per hour). Two Concordes were built for takeoff. One had an
airplane part attached to it. As soon as the pilot took off with the Concorde, he was
unable to keep it in the air due to the attachment. It crashed into a hotel, resulting in
the deaths of 113 people
Color your own airplane!
The parts of an airplane
Ships
The main body of the ship (hull) is divided into three parts: the front called the bow (fore), the middle and largest part called
amidships (amid), and the rear part called the stern (aft).
The line around the ship where the surface of the sea exactly meets the ship, allowing it to sail safely, is called the waterline. All
the visible parts of the ship above the waterline are called the freeboard, in contrast to the parts below the waterline, called the
bottom. The curved surface from the freeboard towards the bow is called the bow flare, while its equivalent on the stern is called
the quarter.
Color our ship!