Intro to the Skeleton
Summary:
What are the
functions of the
skeletal system?
How are bones
classified?
What are the
anatomical features
of a long bone?
1. Support-
2. Protection-
3. Movement-
4. Storage-
5. Manufacturing-
Bones are a solid ________ of
living ______ and _______
surrounded by ____________
deposits.
Bones are classified by their
___________.
Long bones have 2 basic regions:
-
-
Between these layers is a thin layer of internal __________ called the
____________ _________ (growth plate).
Intro to the Skeleton
Summary:
What are the
functions of the
skeletal system?
How are bones
classified?
What are the
anatomical features
of a long bone?
1. Support-
2. Protection-
3. Movement-
4. Storage-
5. Manufacturing-
Bones are a solid ________ of
living ______ and _______
surrounded by ____________
deposits.
Bones are classified by their
___________.
Long bones have 2 basic regions:
-
-
Between these layers is a thin layer of internal __________ called the
____________ _________ (growth plate).Bearingthe weight ofthe bodyEncasingessential organsJointsprovidemovements for bonesstorageoffats inyellowbonemarrowProduction of red Whitebloodcellsfromred bone marrowmatrixcells fiberscalciumshapetypicallylongerthanwideshaftwhead atbothendscartilageepiphyseal plate cancerous segnoarticularcartilage movement combineshock periosteumcompactmedullaryredyellowblood cellshematopoiesisfunctionsshape marrowdiaphysis cartilage epiphyses Microscopic Anatomy of Bone
Summary:
Where are spongy
bone and compact
bone found?
What are the
types and functions
of specialized bone
cells?
The outer layer of bone is made of tough connective tissue called ______________.
It is the location of _______ attachment and bone _________.
Beneath the periosteum is a thick layer of ____________ ______. At the ends
of long bones the _________ ________ ________ is beneath the compact bone.
How do spongy and
compact bone
differ?
Spongy bone is a lattice of ____________ (“little beams”)
that are found along ________ of _________ for
perfect resistance from _____________.
Between the trabeculae are spaces filled with ________
or blood vessels.
Compact bone is arranged in _____________ called
_________.
Osteons are arranged in concentric circles called
__________.
These lamellae surround a _________ (or
____________) _________ that contains blood vessels
and nerves.
The central canals are connected by _______________
(____________) __________ running perpendicularly.
Canaliculi _________ all bone cells, allowing them to receive
_________ and remove _________.
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone
Summary:
Where are spongy
bone and compact
bone found?
What are the
types and functions
of specialized bone
cells?
The outer layer of bone is made of tough connective tissue called ______________.
It is the location of _______ attachment and bone _________.
Beneath the periosteum is a thick layer of ____________ ______. At the ends
of long bones the _________ ________ ________ is beneath the compact bone.
How do spongy and
compact bone
differ?
Spongy bone is a lattice of ____________ (“little beams”)
that are found along ________ of _________ for
perfect resistance from _____________.
Between the trabeculae are spaces filled with ________
or blood vessels.
Compact bone is arranged in _____________ called
_________.
Osteons are arranged in concentric circles called
__________.
These lamellae surround a _________ (or
____________) _________ that contains blood vessels
and nerves.
The central canals are connected by _______________
(____________) __________ running perpendicularly.
Canaliculi _________ all bone cells, allowing them to receive
_________ and remove _________.periosteummuscle repaircompactbonespongy one layertrabecularlines stresscompressionmarrowcylindersosteonslamellaecentralHaversian Canalperforatingvolkmann canalsmaturebone breakdowncells makeup bone produce newbonethemajorityofthebonestructureConnectnutrients wastesspongyosteons destroycanaliculi Bone Formation and Remodeling
Summary:
How is bone
formed?
An embryo’s skeleton is made of ___________. Near the third month of embryo
development, __________ begin to secrete __________ deposits that replace the
__________. The osteoblasts then mature into ______________.
This process of incorporating ___________ & __________ into ___________ to
become bone is known as ________________.
As a child grows, tall columns of _____________
(cartilage cells) at the ______________ plate divide
and then deteriorate as the matrix around them
______________. These cells are then known as
___________, which form spongy bone.
Osteoclasts secrete __________ to enlarge the
_____________ _________ as the bone grows so
that __________ is available for all cells.
What is the
composition of
bone?
How are bones
remodeled?
Because calcium is so important in your body, a certain level needs to maintained in
your ________ at all times. To maintain that level, bone is created or dissolved.
Think of your bones as a _________ _________ for calcium.
There are 2 hormones that trigger these processes:
1._____________- deposits extra calcium from blood into bones
2._______________________ - stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone, adding
calcium to blood
How is a broken
bone repaired?
Bone Formation and Remodeling
Summary:
How is bone
formed?
An embryo’s skeleton is made of ___________. Near the third month of embryo
development, __________ begin to secrete __________ deposits that replace the
__________. The osteoblasts then mature into ______________.
This process of incorporating ___________ & __________ into ___________ to
become bone is known as ________________.
As a child grows, tall columns of _____________
(cartilage cells) at the ______________ plate divide
and then deteriorate as the matrix around them
______________. These cells are then known as
___________, which form spongy bone.
Osteoclasts secrete __________ to enlarge the
_____________ _________ as the bone grows so
that __________ is available for all cells.
What is the
composition of
bone?
How are bones
remodeled?
Because calcium is so important in your body, a certain level needs to maintained in
your ________ at all times. To maintain that level, bone is created or dissolved.
Think of your bones as a _________ _________ for calcium.
There are 2 hormones that trigger these processes:
1._____________- deposits extra calcium from blood into bones
2._______________________ - stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone, adding
calcium to blood
How is a broken
bone repaired?cartilageosteoblast mineralcartilage osteocytescalcium minerals cartilageossificationchondrocytesepiphysealCalcifiesosteoblastacidmedullary cavitymarrowProvides the flexibility Provides bone strengthtensile strengthrequiredto keep bones from hardnessconstantlybreakingbloodstorage tankcalcitoninparathyroid HormoneHematomaforms callusossifiescompactboneforms callus formscartilageflexibility strength Hormoneshematoma The Axial Skeleton
Summary:
What are the 2
major sections of
the skeleton?
What bones are
found within the
axial skeleton?
1.
2.
What is the
structure of the
vertebral column?
The vertebral column extends from the
_________ to the _________. It provides
________ and protects the ________ ______
running through it.
It consists of _____ vertebrae at birth, but the 5
sacral vertebrae and 4 vertebrate of the coccyx
______ in ________________.
The remaining vertebrae are separated by ________________ _______
that provide _______________ and absorb _______.
The spine is ____________ curved at birth, but two portions (in the cervical and
lumbar vertebrae) develop ____________ curves later in life.
The _________ (convex) and __________ (concave) curvatures of the spine allow
for better ___________ and distribution of ___________ throughout the body.
The Axial Skeleton
Summary:
What are the 2
major sections of
the skeleton?
What bones are
found within the
axial skeleton?
1.
2.
What is the
structure of the
vertebral column?
The vertebral column extends from the
_________ to the _________. It provides
________ and protects the ________ ______
running through it.
It consists of _____ vertebrae at birth, but the 5
sacral vertebrae and 4 vertebrate of the coccyx
______ in ________________.
The remaining vertebrae are separated by ________________ _______
that provide _______________ and absorb _______.
The spine is ____________ curved at birth, but two portions (in the cervical and
lumbar vertebrae) develop ____________ curves later in life.
The _________ (convex) and __________ (concave) curvatures of the spine allow
for better ___________ and distribution of ___________ throughout the body.AxialSkeletonCentralaxisofthebodyskullRibssternum vertebraeAppendicular skeletonpectoral PelvicgirdlesbonesofthearmslegspelvisandshoulderCranium parentalfrontalsphenoidmandible ethmoidcervicalvertebrae nasalmanubriumEITIsternumribsin man zygoma tempolumbarvertebraesacrumcoccyxskull pelvissupport spinal cord33fuse adolescenceintervertebral discscushioning shockconvexlyConcaveprimary secondarybalance weightaxialaxial skullfusedintervertebral Movement of the Appendicular Skeleton
Summary:
What bones are
found within the
appendicular
skeleton?
What are the
types of synovial
joints?
How do joints differ
structurally?
There are 3 structural types of joints:
What is the
structure of
synovial joints?
A joint ____________ filled with ___________ ________ surrounds the end of
the bones.
A synovial _____________ and ___________ ____________ line the joint
cavity.
How do ligaments and tendons differ?
Label the following types of
joints on the image:
pivot joint, ball & socket joint,
saddle joint, gliding/plane joint,
hinge joint, condylar joint
Movement of the Appendicular Skeleton
Summary:
What bones are
found within the
appendicular
skeleton?
What are the
types of synovial
joints?
How do joints differ
structurally?
There are 3 structural types of joints:
What is the
structure of
synovial joints?
A joint ____________ filled with ___________ ________ surrounds the end of
the bones.
A synovial _____________ and ___________ ____________ line the joint
cavity.
How do ligaments and tendons differ?
Label the following types of
joints on the image:
pivot joint, ball & socket joint,
saddle joint, gliding/plane joint,
hinge joint, condylar jointclaviclescapulahumeruspelvic radiusuingerpalsmetacarpalsFemur phalangespatellatibiaFibulatarsalsPetit simmovable orslightly immovable or Highlymovableheldtogetherby slight movablecontainsynovialfieldtogetherby fluidCartilage cartilageskull Ribs JointsCapsule Synovial Fluidmembrane articular cartilageligament connectbonetoboneTendonsconnectmuscle to bonepivot saddleHingecondylarBidetaidingorplaneappendicularJoints structureSynovial
