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READING MATERIAL
Read About Atoms & Molecules
WHAT IS ATOMIC STRUCTURE?
All atoms are made of three smaller particles called protons, neutrons and electrons.
The protons and neutrons clump together at the center of an atom and the electrons
orbit far away. Atoms can be combined to form molecules through chemical reactions.
To better understand atomic structure…
LET’S BREAK IT DOWN!
Atomic Structure
The center of the atom, often
referred to as the nucleus, is made
up of protons and neutrons. The
protons are positively charged, while
the neutrons don’t have a charge.
Orbiting around the outside of the
atom at a tremendous speed and
distance are electrons. Electrons are
the smallest of the three subatomic
particles and have a negative charge. Empty space is found between the atomic nucleus and
electrons.
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Microscopic Atoms
Atoms are extremely small. Atoms
are more than 10,000 times smaller
than the width of a hair. Even a
classroom microscope would not be
able to see anything close to the size
of an atom. A specialized
microscope called a Scanning
Tunneling Microscope developed in
the 1980s can show us individual
atoms. If you were to look at some iron filings with a Scanning Tunneling Microscope, you would
be able to see tiny spheres of iron atoms.
Identifying Atoms
Each element has a certain number
of protons, neutrons and electrons.
We can find this information by
referencing the Periodic Table of
Elements. For example, element
number 6 on the table is carbon,
which is notated by the letter C. The
periodic table also shows us that
carbon’s atomic number is 6. The
atomic number tells us how many protons and electrons are present in the element. From this
information we know that carbon has 6 protons and 6 electrons.
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