Carbohydrates
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carbohydratesincludesugarsandpolymersofsugars
thesemoleculesareusedasbuildingmaterialsand
sourcesofenergy Singlesugarmoleculescalled
monosaccharidesandlinkedpairsofsugarscalled
calleddisaccharides areimportantasbuilding
blocks cellularfuels
Ysaccharides arelongchainsofsugars Apoy
monosaccharide
saccharidecalledcelluloseis amajorcomponent disaccharide
ofplantcellwallsplantcellsstoresugarsinthe
formofa polysaccharidecalledstarchanimals
store apolysaccharidecalledglycogen
polysaccharidesoncellmembranesactascellidentification
tags
simplesugars monosaccharides arethesimplest
carbohydrates monosaccharides varyin size their
carbonskeletonsrangefrom 3 7 carbonatoms
theygenerallyhaveamolecularformulathatis
somemultiple of CHzo
forexample
ChHznon
glyceraldehyde C311603
ribose CsH120s
glucoseCatti206
galactose CeeHu06
fructoseC6Hi206
monosaccharidesareoftendrawnwithlinear glyceraldehydeisthemonosaccharidethatis
carbonskeletonsbutinwaterallmonosaccharides theenergy storingmoleculeproducedby
thatcontainmorethan3carbonatomsbend photosynthesis 2glyceraldehydemoleculescom
around inordertomakeringstructuresThe bine themonosaccharidegalactosecombines w
monosaccharideglucoseisamajornutrientcentral glucosetoformthedisaccharideinmilk
tocellularmetabolism itisbrokendownfor
energyintheprocessofcellularrespirationThe fructoseisthemonosaccharidethatissome
carbonskeletonofglucosecanalsobeusedto timescalled fruitsugar theonethatmakes
buildmanyotherorganicmoleculesincluding applesandberriessweetfructose glucose
aminoacids fattyacids combinetomakethe disaccharidesucroseor
tablesugar
aanimalsstoreenergyintheformofglycogen
a glucose glucose ismaltose water
bydehydrationsynthesis
maltoseisthedisaccharideformedwhenaglucosemolecules
arelinkedbydehydrationsynthesis
C n celluloseis acarbohydratecomposedof
manymonomers
a cellulose acomponentofplantcellwallsis
themostabundantorganiccompoundon
a earth