080 0078058 9588carbohydratesincludesugarsandpolymersofsugarsthesemoleculesareusedasbuildingmaterialsandsourcesofenergy Singlesugarmoleculescalledmonosaccharidesandlinkedpairsofsugarscalledcalleddisaccharides areimportantasbuildingblocks cellularfuelsYsaccharides arelongchainsofsugars Apoymonosaccharidesaccharidecalledcelluloseis amajorcomponent disaccharideofplantcellwallsplantcellsstoresugarsintheformofa polysaccharidecalledstarchanimalsstore apolysaccharidecalledglycogenpolysaccharidesoncellmembranesactascellidentificationtagssimplesugars monosaccharides arethesimplestcarbohydrates monosaccharides varyin size theircarbonskeletonsrangefrom 3 7 carbonatomstheygenerallyhaveamolecularformulathatissomemultiple of CHzoforexampleChHznonglyceraldehyde C311603ribose CsH120sglucoseCatti206galactose CeeHu06fructoseC6Hi206monosaccharidesareoftendrawnwithlinear glyceraldehydeisthemonosaccharidethatiscarbonskeletonsbutinwaterallmonosaccharides theenergy storingmoleculeproducedbythatcontainmorethan3carbonatomsbend photosynthesis 2glyceraldehydemoleculescomaround inordertomakeringstructuresThe bine themonosaccharidegalactosecombines wmonosaccharideglucoseisamajornutrientcentral glucosetoformthedisaccharideinmilktocellularmetabolism itisbrokendownforenergyintheprocessofcellularrespirationThe fructoseisthemonosaccharidethatissomecarbonskeletonofglucosecanalsobeusedto timescalled fruitsugar theonethatmakesbuildmanyotherorganicmoleculesincluding applesandberriessweetfructose glucoseaminoacids fattyacids combinetomakethe disaccharidesucroseortablesugar aanimalsstoreenergyintheformofglycogena glucose glucose ismaltose waterbydehydrationsynthesismaltoseisthedisaccharideformedwhenaglucosemoleculesarelinkedbydehydrationsynthesisC n celluloseis acarbohydratecomposedofmanymonomersa cellulose acomponentofplantcellwallsisthemostabundantorganiccompoundona earth