mendelian geneticsorganisms all are made of cells with common features of the genetic codethat get passed on to their decent protein synthesis acommonfunctionisshared storage transmition of genetic informationona shared protein synthesis process based on nucleic transcriptionacid sequence by utilizing ribosomes run3 sharedmetabolic processese.gcellularrespirationproteinonusingribosomeMendel's Laws describe the inheritance of genes traits on different chromosomesdefinitionsgene a codeforatraitinherited recessivealleles willonlysnowiftwoareinheritedtrait geneticallydeterminedenarectoristic genotype combination of inheritedallelesallele specificvariation ofgenefromeachparent homozygous twoofthesameallelesdominantalleles winalwayssnowin phenotype heterozygous twodifferentallelesalwaysexpressdominant1 Lawofsegregation eachtrait is defined by the random formationof a gene pairoccurs in meiosis probabilitymaintainsgenetic variationparent a parent a monohybridcrosstodetermineprobability ofhomochromosomesallelesPl Rrx RrR rmL m chanceRrR RR homozygousdominantRru u u d asahomozygousrecessivesin in a r Rr rrusedforcrossingone is 3manypossiblevariationsofallelesduring fertilization traitsinceparentsgenomesaresplitwhenforminggametesmanyairserent possibleeg offspringgenotypeanesymest skimeggincomplete dominace occurs in heterozygousonly codominance occurs in heteroyousonlydominantphenotype is nottheonlyonein phenotypeproteins of bothalleles are readequallydominantallele is not complete expressedwhenwithrecessivebothalleles are expressed as if dominantexamplecolouradexamplecolourrk9 rrcarheterozygousoffspring neitheravereeexpressedas ifÉisanintermediate isdominantarea phenotype 2 Lawofindependentassortment different genes sortindependently of eachotherinheritance of one trait allele does not affect inheritance of another trait allelesupportedbymultiplication rulepeaandBoccurs in metaphase I dihybridcross p aaBbxaaBbas an Ba aba a homologouslineup onenanic ranB.gr aseparationofalleles a anaveto anaanaanabbaabbainfluenceon separation or B b BaareaarabBiaaBbaarrangementcannipwoimpactingothers possibleunfertilizedgametegenotype3 Lawofdominance heterozygous phenotype will express the dominantgenerecessiveallelesmustbe homozygous to be expressed in phenotypencomplete penetrance when individuals with a genotypedo not all exhibit the phenotycommonexamples type 2 diabetes breastcancer some willexhibitdisorders whileotherswithsamealleledontmutantallele is there but not readgenotypeistherebuts incompletepenetrance allindividualsfactorsarenotallowingwithgenotypegenetobereadphenotypevariable expressivity wing I I nooften range inexpresstivity is dueto enviornmentalfactorspH pollution diet activitya genotypeistherebuti mmmmallindividuals w factorsarenotallowingwithgenotypeaexhibitphenotypestrongly narrowexpressivity variableexpressivity