v 6mmmm EMMOTIONSStress psychologicalstatescausephysicalillness anycircumstance realorperceived thatthestress threatensaperson'swellbeingresponsesystemIwhenwefeelseverestressourabilitytocopewhtisimpairedcannon 19297proposedthatthestressresponse fastwasafight or flightresponsemarkedbytheoutpouringofepinephrineandnorepinephrinefromtheadrenalglands intheendocrinesystem increasingheartarespirationratesmobilizingsugarafatanddullingpainbehavioralmedicineIntegratesbehavioralknowledgewmedicalknowledgeledmind bodyinteracteverythingpsychologicalissimultaneously physiologicalstresscanbeadaptive inafearfulstressfulsituationwecanrunawayandsaveourlivesstresscanbemaladaptive ifitisprolonged chronicstressitincreasesourriskofillness healthproblemsgeneraladaptive accordingtoselye 1936 astressresponsetoanysyndrome kindofstimulationissimilarThestressedindividualgoesthru3phasesphase1 alarmreaction mobilizeresourcesphase2 resistance copewstressorphase3 exhaustion reservesdepleted o'sYing's'estienaustensbn'tlastcatharsis ventingangerthroughactionfantasyhypothesis achievesanemotionalreleasecatharsisexpressingangerbreedsmoreanger tthrureinforcement habitforming so.cialcognitive internallocusoncontroltheoriesonpersonality externallocusoncontrolexternallocusofcontrolcanleadtoalearnedstateoflearnedhelplessnessunabletoavoidrepeatedadverseeventsanpersonalcontrol whetherwecontroltheenvironmentortheenvironmentagingsYanlearnshelplessnesso referstotheperceptionthatchanceoutsideforcesbeyondourfates referstotheperceptionthatwecancontrolourfatetheoriesof wouldyoulikenevertobesadagainemotionwhatis dowesmileblewe'rehappy orarewehappyblewesmileanemotion definedpostnegfeelingsarousedbystimuliintheenvironmentfunctionenrichlifeincreasereadinessforfightflightemotionsareamixof1 physiologicalactivation2 expressivebehaviorsand3 consciousexperiencecommonsense whenyoubecomehappyyourheartstartsbeatingfasterview firstcomesconsciousawarenessthencomesphysiologicalactivityJamesLangeStatesthatpsychologicalarousalprecedes comesb4 andcausesthesensationofemotionemotion2theorists4WilliamJames CarlLangeproposedthisideawhichdirectlyopposedthecommon senseviewsimpletermswefeelemotion bcofbiologicalchangescausedbystressthebodychangesandourmindrecognizesthefeelingCannonBardstatesthatphysiologicalarousal emotionalfeelingsoccursimultaneousGWalterCannon PhillipBardquestionedtheJamesLangetheoryhowcanthat JaltheorybetrueifsimilarphysiologicalchangescorrespondwdrasticallydifferentemotionalStatestheybelieveditwasthethalamusthathelpedthishappenSchacter singerstatesthatemotionbeginsw anundifferentiatedarousalthatweinterpretintoanemotiondependentontheperceivedcontextStanleySchactersuggestedourphysiology acognition emotionsIfeltthattheyhappenatthesametimebutpeoplewhoarealreadyphysiologicallyarousedexperiencemoreintenseemotionsthanunarousedpplwhenbothgroupsareexposedtothesamestimuli2MisattributionofArousalstudies Dutton Aron1974supports2biology cognitioninteractw eachothertoincreasetheexperienceSchacter a singer'sResearch1 participantsgivenaninjectionofepinephrine adrenalinetoldthattheyweregiven suproxin fortheireyesighttypicallyBP HRincreaseBFincreaseswhilemuscleandcerebralflowincreasebloodsugarandlacticacidconcentrationincreasesandrespirationrateincreasesslightlyshortlyafterinjection adrenaline2 Schacter asingerthenmanipulatedtheparticipantsgivingthemcueswhichplacedthemon 1of3groupsepinephrineepinephrineignorablepurinemisinformedFacialFeedbackHypothesis focusesonexpressivecomponentofemotions sensoryinputisroutedtosubcorticalareaofthebrainthatactivatesfacialmovementswhichtheninitiate intensifyemotionsMisattribution l maleparticipantswalkacross 2diffstylebridges onebridgewasascary arousingofArousalstudies suspensionbridgetheotherwassafea morestableDuttonAron1974 a attheendofeachbridgeanattractiveexperimentermettheparticipantsshegavetheparticipants asurveytofillouta a tocallforfurtherquestions3 theideaofthestudywastofindwhichgroupofmalesweremorelikelytocallthefemaleexperimentertheresultsfoundthatthemenwhowalkedacrossthescarybridgeweremostlikelytocallthewomanaskingforadateThiswasmostlikelyduetothearousaltheyfeltfromwalkingacrossthebridgeembodiedemotionemotionsinvolvebodilyresponses2noticeable butterfliesinstomachdifficulttodiscern neuronsactivatedinbrainPennyatcom AutonomicnervoussystemActivationponentsof ZsomedifferencesinactivationarenotedwspecificemotionsLexfearshowslowerbloodpressure angershowsincreasescardiovascularchangesmindfulnessmeditationtrainingshiftsfrontallobeactivitytowardaleftsidedasymmetrywhichincreasesenergy aboostsimmunefunction polygraphanelectronicdevicethatmeasuresphysiologicalactivationthatsomebelievearerelatedtodeceptionduringanemotionalexperience ourAnismobilizesenergyinthebodythatarousesusresultinginreducedimmunesystemfunctioningarousalaperformancearousalinshortspurtsisadaptiveWeperformbetterundermoderatearousalbutoptimalperformancevarieswtaskdifficultyphysiological physiologicalresponsesrelatedtosimilarities theemotionsoffearangerloveandboredomareverysimilardifferences physicalresponses likefingertempandmovementoffacialmuscleschangeduringfearrage joyZtheamydalashowsdifferencesinactivationduringtheemotionsofangerrageActivityofthelefthemispherehappyisdifferentfromtherightdepressedforemotionsBeck'sModelofDepression1979ThecognitiveThadcognityannd whatistheconnectionbetweenhowweqq.ggthink cognition andhowwefeelemotionourthinkingmmmmamedangeouremotusby hangingmydefineemotionZanarousalresponsetooneeventspillsoverintoourresponsetothenexteventie arousalfromasoccermatchcanoftneworldnegativeviewoffuelangerwhichmayleadtorioting thefuturecognitiondoescedeemotionsubliminallypresentedhappyfacenotalwayspre canencouragesubjectstodrinkmorethanwhenpresentedwlanangryface emotionsarefeltdirectlythroughtheamydalaorthruthecortexforanalysistworoutestoemotionZajoncandLeDouxemphasizethatsomeemotionsareimmediate woconsciousappraisaLazarusSchacterandsingeremphasizethatappraisalalsodeterminesemotions theexpressionof facialexpression facialexpressionsofvariousbasicemotionsareuniversal angerdisgustemotions happinessfearsurprisesadnessbodylanguage movementsgestures le thumbsup OKtoneofvoicerateofspeechpitchofvoiceincreaseswhenexperiencedemotionincreasesdetectingemotionmostofusaregoodatdecipheringemotionsthrunonverbalcommunicationhardtocontrolfacialmusclesreveal signsofemotionsyouaretryingtoconcealPaulEllman'sbasicemotions ANGER HAPPINESS DISGUSTSURPRISE SADNESS FEARexperiencingemotionfacialfeedbackhypothesis StatesthatfeedbackfromfacialmusclesaffectsourexperiencedemotiongenderdifferencesAwomenreportexperiencingmoreemotionthanmenorwomenaremorecomfortableexperiencingemotionthanmenIzard 1977 isolated10emotions mostofthemarepresentininfancyexceptforcontemptshame guiltpositivepsych attemptstofosterhumanfulfillmentandseekspositivesubjectivewellbeingpositivecharacterandpositivesocialgroups