11-1 Animal Definition p.374The variety of life within in Animal Kingdom is huge: fleas and mites to whales and everything inbetweenZoology—the branch of biology that studies animals—> entomology— study of insects—> ichthyology— study of fishes—> ornithology— study of birds—> herpetology— study of reptiles/amphibians—> mammalogy— study of mammals—> malacology— study of mollusk—> carcinology— study of crustaceans—> helminthology— study of “worms”***characteristics all animals shareanimals are multicellular and cells are arranged into tissues that perform specific function1.2. Animal cells are eukaryotic: have a nucleus s and various other organelles3. Animals must rely on other organisms for food (consumers)4. Animals digest their food so that proteins, “carbs”, and fats are broken down into small enoughmolecules for the cell to use5. Most animals are mobile; those that aren’t have adaptions that allow them to feed, reproduce,and protect themselves while in place6. Animals are capable of sexual reproduction (offspring with “mixed” DNA) and some can alsoreproduce asexuallyHow animals meet needsAdaptations—any structure, process, or behavior that helps an organism survival in its environment—> adaptations are inherited, and as environment change, so do the adaptations that arebeneficialAdaptations include can can be a “blend” of:Obtaining energy•Physical (body)•Predator•Behavioral•Obtaining energyAnimals have meaning of objecting, eating, and digesting different foods—> animals are either:Herbivores—plant eaters•Carnivores—animals eaters•Omnivore—plant AND animals eaters•Derivers—tiny bits of de saying matter• Animals dentition—the arrangement and condition of the teeth do an individual, is an adaption towhat the species eat (p.430)—> herbivores molars are hard and flat for grinding, carnivore teeth are sharp and jagged forpuncturing, cutting, and shreddingAnimals usually have an Alimentary canal—which is the pathway food enters the body, is digested,and leaves the body (p.432)—> herbivores AC’s are typically longer than carnivores’ because it takes the body longer tobreak down cellulose in plant cell wallsPhysical adaptationsPhysical adaptations have to do with an animals body and the animals protection because of its:—> size (being large means less attack: think moose and hippos)—> outer coverings such as shells or quills (porcupine needles)—> mimicry—an adaptation in which one animal closely resembles another in……………………appearance or behavior (think flies with yellow?black bands on thorax like bees)camouflage—any marking or colorings that helps animals hide from others (almost always has to dowith being unrecognizable in surroundings)Predator Adaptations enable an animal to more easily capture its prey, usually as a surprise or withminimal detectioncamouflage and coloration (tiger stripes, killer whales)•”stalking” and chasing: being able to move in close while undetected, endurance for chases•heightens senses: eagle eyes, sharks’ smell, coyote hearing•Behavioral Adaptations have to do with what an animal does to survive...Examples:chemicals: skunk spray, octopus ink•speed: ability to outrun predators•herds and packs: helps prey against predators AND predators against prey...•Many animals are adapted to their environment via a “blend” of these categories. Example:spinnersweave webs (behavioral) to capture food (predator) “obtaining energy” adaptations.....Animal Classification p.393Animals are classified(grouped) based on similarities in features and characteristicsChordates are animals with spinal chords—bundle of nerve that is connected to the Braun andcarries messages to all parts of the bodyVertebrates—animals with backbones—>backbones are made up of stacked “vertebrae” that support the animals and protects thespinal chordInvertebrates—animal without backbones—>make up 95-97% of known animal speciesAnother characteristic scientist look at for animals is symmetry, or how the animal’s body part arearranged (how it’s shaped) p.377:Ad