Non-Mendelian Genetics - summary
inkedgenes geneswhichareinheritedtogethersincethey
areclosetogetheronthesamechromosome usuallycanonlybepasseddownmaternan
arrestedmales
may go
mitochondria
macarena winexhibittrait
not azoo
zoo
motherswintransmit
a mitochondrialdisorders
genesaandBwi Jangenes onsexchromosomes
genes in
notsoreindependently gene arelinkedandcodefor eggee sperm some manga
sexlinkedtraits
mom
noooo
linkedgenesmaysortindependently if recombinationoccursduring maternalmitochon nuclearana ifmotherhasariasnonnude
Ana 1anmutantmitochondria anchildrenaffected
synapsis asomemutantmitochondria childrenmaybeare
arenowunlinked
II ma
Ba
genesAandB
mapdistance chancegene
ants
s earmitochondria natogametessincespermsmitochondria deg
non.tt1
ffjjjjj
exampleorrecessiveaetnayellowmouse
amapunit anrecombinationfrequency
Isonrecombinationfrequencyforlinkedgenes deathisonlyoneaverispresent heterozygous
winotsurvive
esdonotcauseen
it e.gnuntingtonsdisease
oftotalprogeny
t
son
pig j homozygous
a'amice
nosewinalethalallelecan
if producesstrangephenotypic
ratio
mention
epistasiswhenmultiplegenesinteracttodetermineme phenotype onegenemodifiestheexpressionofanothergene
exampletwogenes B e determine
senatorinLabradors
gene a pigmentpresence E yesdeposition e nodeposition yellowhairs
geneaCeeoree geneaceeoree
geneacaborBbs blackhaircaominant blackdos geneaebb brownhairrecessive obrowndog
ayellowdogayellowdog
genea eegene ee
sincegenea pigmentpresencescodes fortheinhibitionofgenes pigmentcolours it isepestaticto genea
polygenicinheritance manypossiblephenotypesdueto interactionsamongmanygenessinceeachgenehasa smalleffectontrait
evolutionvariation
phenotypicspectrum
variationoccursinphenotype
depends onhowmanyinteracting
areinherited
exampleskincolouris
dominantusrecessivealleles apolygenictraitasit
involvesinteractionsbetween
manyalleles
Tyrecessiveaeestominationorarstydominantaleres
phenotypicplasticityindividualswiththesamegenotypeexhibitdifferentphenotypes invariousenviornments
influence
examplesiamesecatsandrabbits typesofeffectsofgenesandenviornment onphenotype