Napoleon seizes powermilitary background•1795- defended the new national convention from royalists- hailed as savior of new French•Republic1796- led successful military expeditions against Austria, italy, and Sardinia•1799- coup d’état “blow to the state”•Nov. 1799 uses troops to surround legislature and dissolve directory. Established three◦consul government1800- plebiscite- “vote of the people” -approves new constitution and napoleon as first•consulSet up efficient tax collection and national bank•Lycées- gov’t run public schools•Concordat (agreement) with pope pit’s VII•Recognized power of church- but kept it out of national affairs◦Napoleonic code•Uniform set of laws◦Eliminated injustices◦Promoted order and authority over individual rights◦Limited freedom of speech and press◦Restored slavery in Caribbean◦Napoleon crowned as emperor•December 2 1804- crowned emperor by pope◦Napoleon asserts himself more powerful than pope and church◦Loss of American territories•Saint Dominguez (Haiti)◦African people battled for independence‣Failiure for french‣Louisiana purchase◦1803- $15 million- sold louisiana territory to Thomas jeff and America‣Two benefits for french 1) money for war 2) harm the British and benefit the US‣The french empire•1812- only parts of europe free of french control+ Britain, Portugal, and sweeden◦Russia, Prussia, and and Austria all have strong connections to france◦Puppet governments- person from another country controlled by another leader◦Empire= huge, but unstable◦Napoleons mistakes•Continental system (1806)◦Failed attempt to crush Britain’s economy‣Peninsula war◦Failed invasion of Spain and Portugal‣Napoleons brother, Joseph, placed as king of Spain‣300,000 french troops dead‣Invasion of russia◦Went during the winter and died lol‣Alexander I, scorched earth policy, as we retreat we burn all crops‣425,000 troops enter, only 10,000 leave one year later‣napoleons downfall•Britian, russia, Prussia, Sweeden all ally against France◦Napoleon organises new army but fails and gets exiled to Elba‣Napoleon shows back up surprise◦100 days in france‣Tries to conquer europe•Battle at Waterloo in Belgium June 18 1815•Quickly defeated◦Exiled again to st Helena•The congress of Vienna•1814-1815◦8 months of meetings among European powers to establish security and stability in europe◦5 “great powers”, russia, Prussia, Austria, Great Britain, france◦Klemens von Metternich•Foreign minister of Austria◦Believed napoleon was a result of experiments in democracy◦three goals at congress of Vienna◦Prevent future french agression (surround it with strong countries)‣Balance of power (no country more powerful than others)‣Restore absolute monarchies to the throne‣
