byProfSapolskyh ddHUMANBEHAVIOURALBIOLOGY oh dd1 Storyaboutsome guy whPunches someone in facewhatcafe brain tumor perioed storiedwhat's common Hormonefirst hat'sSometimes wgoing on in yourbody can dramatietlyinfulence what'sgoing in yr brainSometimes what's amie de lagoing on yr head willevery single out course in yr bodyThis course is all about intertwinebetween your physiology yr behaviorthen negII en ask aboutto write them thereforestudentgivehim w y iSo he says if you thinksee this world with aspecific the Chirkcross thecondition you nevergonnaSee other thingLie the nisiroadblegoriaif youcouldcontrol thereward punishbehaviorismditue ve youcould turn anyonenannybut it'sfalse af'd'd wantedto spobkyaccordingto2he was anazi propagates ÉizetonappeninteauseSame time grtoincidentFontethisis gonnabe theanswerwhich we willanswerthoughtthecourseSometimes the stuff that's going on in your body can dramatically influence what's going on in your brain. (Such as thefood we eat, with the notorious example of the "Twinkie defense.")And on the other:Sometimes what's going on in your head will affect every single outpost in your body. (Such as trying to get to sleep asyou are contemplating your own mortality. Chances are your heart rate will increase.)Rather, it's more like ......the intertwining, the interconnections between your physiology and your behavior, the underlying thoughts, emotions,memories, all of that, and the capacity of each to deeply influence the other under all sorts of circumstances. nash equilibria m2Darwain Doesn't discoverevolution he discovers natural selentionEDELUTION is a whole different realmcongruenefhapsesareimage of each otherb e bem ispeaking this means they are genetic can bepassed into next generation however thereis variability among this traitsSome of verso ion of these are morevariable than others some are more fitit's not about serviral rather reproductivesuccess to send those traits on to the nextgenerationanimal doesn't Behave for the good of thespecies this is trash wynne Edwardwas wrong Rather animal behaves to passonas many copies of their genes as possibleginningit'ses other people to matewith siblings in orderto save species ofgenesAnimal forgo sometimes withother animalsorevelontion stalemate in bacteria Rockpaper scissors In this situation each organismhas the potential to harm one of the othersbut doesn't do so because the overall goodof the species o3. Kin selection. Identical twins share 100% oftheir genes, siblings 50%. The closer the relative,the more genes shared in common. From thestandpoint of individual selection, an identical twincan pass on "their" genes by the twin at their ownexpense. So it makes sense to sacrifice yourselffor two brothers or eight cousins. And thus wehave evolution favoring cooperation amongrelatives.2. Sexual selection. Picking for traits that carry noadaptive value but for whatever reason the opposite sexlikes individuals that look that way. These traits will thenbecome more common. This can be opposed by naturalselection, for example a brightly colored fish may be moreattractive to the lady fish but also more likely to bepredated because it stands out. So the two can be inconflict and create interesting challenges for the individual.1. Individual selection.Sometimes the behaviors ofan animal is aboutreproducing. The notion isthat sometimes a chicken isan egg's way of makinganother egg. That is thattraits and behaviors are thereto drive mating and createmore of that type of thing.https://youtu.be/UjDejOMCSRc Sometimes cooperative behaviour yields a betterresult than acting alone but effort must besimilarfeciprocal Altism situationyou see the same shit in bacteria insingle cell organismsone sideact asa stalk othergets to be afruitingbodybeingfruitingbody is adventurousbacterium will sometime try to cheat in therelationship When this happens theother bacterium is less likely to cooperatethe next timewiki linkII ehttps://youtu.be/UjDejOMCSRchttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_altruism?wprov=sfti1 like vampire bats vervet monkey insectsants wisps bees worker bee works for anolebee desipe it's not her productionHaving said all of this sometime cheatinghappens across species in order toSave their genesNow it's introduceus to gametheoryi e prisoner's deliemmaPalaeolithic stone age lasting 2.5 millionYearOne Scientist has experimented itwhat he got was Titfortatfstutagytherefore when they play this game ifsomeone cheat's they might win thebattle but always lose the wayCheating is thus a big part of socialrelationships, so animals have alsodeveloped skills at detecting when someoneelse is cheating. Animals tend to be better atpicking up on cheating than noticingspontaneous altruism. https://youtu.be/_vAat1HQU0Mfish mostly invampire batsStickleback fishhamletfish.mnreciprocal altruism also include considerationfor other domains of behaviour So an animmight be worthless in One Era but worthfuin other era like Naked Mole ratslioninclusive fitness kin selectionRaciprocalattrusimsFemale partner choosing depends upon a lot'sof things like Parental behaviourSafty genesaDominance hivaceyStudies have shown that brain centers responsible for pleasurelight up during times of stabbing the other guy in the backand during times of cooperation. There is a pronounced genderdifference as to when these areas are activated. He does nottell us which gender lights up when, so I suppose that willremain a mystery... competitionyeplaborationNow the question is where does humanfit as IEscompl.ca Literatureanthropologysupports thatTournament vs. Pair-bonding SpeciesSapolsky finishes off the class with a discussion of tournament vs. pair-bonding species.Imagine you were given the skulls of a male and female mammal. What could you tell just by their relativesizes?If it’s a Tournament Species:Skull size: male >>> femaleAggression: high ***key!Trait variability: higherFemale wants: strength, sizeLifespan: lowerParental behavior: males have little to no involvementFrequency of twins: less likely (mother is less likely to beable to care for them)Frequency of cheating/abandoning: very highIf it’s a Pair-bonding Species:Skull size: male = femaleAggression: lowerTrait variability: lowerFemale wants: paternal behavior, competent malesLifespan: higherParental behavior: high males involvementFrequency of twins: more likely (because they could betaken care of)Frequency of cheating/abandoning: low; women are morelikely to abandon kids