human behavioral biology by robert sapolasky in standford (part 1)
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Sapolsky
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HUMAN
BEHAVIOURAL
BIOLOGY
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Sometimes the stuff that's going on in your body can dramatically influence what's going on in your brain. (Such as the
food we eat, with the notorious example of the "Twinkie defense.")
And on the other:
Sometimes what's going on in your head will affect every single outpost in your body. (Such as trying to get to sleep as
you are contemplating your own mortality. Chances are your heart rate will increase.)
Rather, it's more like ...
...the intertwining, the interconnections between your physiology and your behavior, the underlying thoughts, emotions,
memories, all of that, and the capacity of each to deeply influence the other under all sorts of circumstances.
nash equilibria m
2
Darwain Doesn't discover
evolution he discovers natural selention
EDELUTION is a whole different realm
congruene
fhapsesare
image of each other
b e be
m i
speaking this means they are genetic can be
passed into next generation however there
is variability among this traits
Some of verso ion of these are more
variable than others some are more fit
it's not about serviral rather reproductive
success to send those traits on to the next
generation
animal doesn't Behave for the good of the
species this is trash wynne Edward
was wrong Rather animal behaves to passon
as many copies of their genes as possible
ginning
it'ses
other people to mate
with siblings in order
to save species of
genes
Animal forgo sometimes with
other animals
orevelontion stalemate in bacteria Rock
paper scissors In this situation each organism
has the potential to harm one of the others
but doesn't do so because the overall goodof the species o
3. Kin selection. Identical twins share 100% of
their genes, siblings 50%. The closer the relative,
the more genes shared in common. From the
standpoint of individual selection, an identical twin
can pass on "their" genes by the twin at their own
expense. So it makes sense to sacrifice yourself
for two brothers or eight cousins. And thus we
have evolution favoring cooperation among
relatives.
2. Sexual selection. Picking for traits that carry no
adaptive value but for whatever reason the opposite sex
likes individuals that look that way. These traits will then
become more common. This can be opposed by natural
selection, for example a brightly colored fish may be more
attractive to the lady fish but also more likely to be
predated because it stands out. So the two can be in
conflict and create interesting challenges for the individual.
1. Individual selection.
Sometimes the behaviors of
an animal is about
reproducing. The notion is
that sometimes a chicken is
an egg's way of making
another egg. That is that
traits and behaviors are there
to drive mating and create
more of that type of thing.
https://youtu.be/UjDejOMCSRc
Sometimes cooperative behaviour yields a better
result than acting alone but effort must be
similar
feciprocal Altism situation
you see the same shit in bacteria in
single cell organisms
one sideact as
a stalk other
gets to be a
fruitingbody
beingfruiting
body is adventurous
bacterium will sometime try to cheat in the
relationship When this happens the
other bacterium is less likely to cooperate
the next time
wiki link
II e
https://youtu.be/UjDejOMCSRc
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Reciprocal_altruism?wprov=sfti1
like vampire bats vervet monkey insects
ants wisps bees worker bee works for anole
bee desipe it's not her production
Having said all of this sometime cheating
happens across species in order to
Save their genes
Now it's introduce
us to game
theory
i e prisoner's deliemma
Palaeolithic stone age lasting 2.5 million
Year
One Scientist has experimented it
what he got was Titfortatfstutagy
therefore when they play this game if
someone cheat's they might win thebattle but always lose the way
Cheating is thus a big part of social
relationships, so animals have also
developed skills at detecting when someone
else is cheating. Animals tend to be better at
picking up on cheating than noticing
spontaneous altruism.
https://youtu.be/_vAat1HQU0M
fish mostly in
vampire bats
Stickleback fish
hamletfish.mn
reciprocal altruism also include consideration
for other domains of behaviour So an anim
might be worthless in One Era but worthfu
in other era like Naked Mole rats
lion
inclusive fitness kin selection
Raciprocalattrusims
Female partner choosing depends upon a lot's
of things like Parental behaviour
Safty genesa
Dominance hivacey
Studies have shown that brain centers responsible for pleasure
light up during times of stabbing the other guy in the back
and during times of cooperation. There is a pronounced gender
difference as to when these areas are activated. He does not
tell us which gender lights up when, so I suppose that will
remain a mystery...
competition
yep
laboration
Now the question is where does human
fit as IEscompl.ca Literature
anthropology
supports that
Tournament vs. Pair-bonding Species
Sapolsky finishes off the class with a discussion of tournament vs. pair-bonding species.
Imagine you were given the skulls of a male and female mammal. What could you tell just by their relative
sizes?
If it’s a Tournament Species:
Skull size: male >>> female
Aggression: high ***key!
Trait variability: higher
Female wants: strength, size
Lifespan: lower
Parental behavior: males have little to no involvement
Frequency of twins: less likely (mother is less likely to be
able to care for them)
Frequency of cheating/abandoning: very high
If it’s a Pair-bonding Species:
Skull size: male = female
Aggression: lower
Trait variability: lower
Female wants: paternal behavior, competent males
Lifespan: higher
Parental behavior: high males involvement
Frequency of twins: more likely (because they could be
taken care of)
Frequency of cheating/abandoning: low; women are more
likely to abandon kids