US-Southeast Asia Relations (2)
U.S SoutheastAsia Relations19501975IdealismGivesWaytoReality
nationalidentities Gchallengesfollowingindependence
afterIndependence assertionofautonomyneveroneversionofthe CONTEXT
nationalistsvisionInIndonesiamultiple currents throwback Bandung
REMEMBER secularIslamic Conference decolonization
selfdetermination economicunderdevelopment stagnationnotraining selfdetermination
isthepeople'srightto orhandoff
beindependentandgovern competingideologies pooreconconditions Todaywhatledto
themselves Unrest Insurgencies decolonization
regimechange
aneraofindependencenotehow
somecountriesobtainedindependence
peacefullywhileotherswere
revolutionaryorviolent
regimechange 1965 PhillipInes
1967 Indonesia
1970 Cambodia
Macapagalwasn'tantiUSbutrelationswerestartingtosourunderhim liehechanged
phillipines PhilIndependenceDayfromJuly4toJune12 inlinew the1898Declarationof
IndependenceoftheMalolosRepublic
UnderMarcos US militaryspendingAeconomicinvestmentboomed
Bythe1960s SukarnooneofthehostsoftheBandungConferencewasamajor
Indonesia 7 antagonistoftheU.S
GeneralSuhartowasverypro US similarpatternsasMarcosoncehetookpower
Cambodia SihanoukhaddeclaredtheKingdom ofCambodianeutralduringtheCW
LonNoldrewclosetotheU.S SVietnam
TheKhmerRougethenoverthrewLonNolandin1976 established
DemocraticKampuchea asocialistagarianutopianstate
proU.s anticommunistauthoritarian
U.SForeignPolicyin TheEisenhowerAdministration WarSubversion InstillingtheAmericanway
SoutheastAsia 1953 PresidentEisenhowerestablishestheUnitedStatesinfoAgencyUSIA
timeline 1954 USSupportsFrenchInFirstIndochineseWar
C g w p n L
1957 EisenhoweradminattemptstooverthrowIndonesiangov't
TheKennedyJohnsonAdministrations NewChallengesDeepenedHostilities
19611963U.SSpecialforcestroopsandmilitaryadvisorssenttotrain
VietnameseArmy
Nov221963PresidentKennedyisassassinated
19654Sukarnodeclares gotohellwithyouraid
196 Anticommunistpolltradecarriedoutwknowledge supportofU.S
officialsinWashington Indonesia
1965 OperationRollingThunder Americanization oftheSecondIndochineseWar
1968 ORTends
TheNixon FordAdministrations CombatingCommunism allCosts
1969 RichardNixontakesoffice vowstoacheivepeacewhorror inVietnam
Mar1969May1970 USconductscovert OperationMenubombingsinLaos
Cambodia
19701974PresidentNixonpursuesapolicyofVietnamization
April30,1975TheFallofSaigon
Dec7 1975 US greenlightsI'saninvasionofETimor
AnUneasyBalance
OfPower
Sukarno
ThePKI TheArmy
Sukarno
guideddemocracy
1960 declaredhimselfpresidentforlife
arguedto aquiescetohiminordertosurvive
PKI theArmy anti communismpro Us b ctrainedbytheU.S
Sukarno puppetmaster manipulatesbothbutnottenable declares
NASAKOMNationalismIslamCommunists
TheIndonesian Bytheearly19605 thePKIwastheworld'slargestnonrulingcommunistparty
CommunistParty Thepartyhada
PKI youthwing FOCUSON
women'swing owhydidtheu.sbecomeconcerned
laborunion aboutIndonesiaaPKI
PKI campaignsincluded 0PKIwashighlyorganized
politicsonthestreetnottheballotbox
unilaterallandseizures aKsisepihak op couldtapintosomanypeoplewhich
anti imperialistrallies campaigns meantSukarnowasinterestedinthem
oFifthforcealternativetothearmy
p p r f armingthepeople
APretextforMass OctI 1965 agroupcallingitselfthe September30thMove
Murder merit or6305kidnapped killed6generalswho
allegedlywereplottingacoupagainstSukarnoThe
movementmarkedtheendofSukarno'spresidency
Suharto'srisetopower
manyaspectsofGzosremainamysterytohistorians whowasbehindit To
towhatextentwastheCommunistPartyinvolved DidSuhartoknowaboutit Did
Sukarnoknowanythingaboutit
U.SIndonesia U.SsupportforIndonesianIndependencein1940sturnedtosubversioninlate1950s
Relations 1957CIAattemptedtooverthrowSukarno sentapilotwhocrashed jailedbyIndonesia
Relationshipworsenedaround1963asSukarnobecamedisillusionedwtheU.S
Anti Americanismincreasedinthemid1960s
Anti Americanism SukarnodevelopscloserrelationswUSSRChinaHoChiMinh
BySeptember1965USofficialspreparedtopulloutofIndonesia
TheLogisticsofMass 0 500k 1Mildead
Violence 0howvictimswerekilled
raids
secretexecutions
disease
torture
malnourishment
100kpoliticalprisonerswereheldw o chargeortrial
rape sexualviolence
NBprisonerswere
U.SInvolvementin apoliticalinterventionbeforethecoupsupport keptinsecretprisons
the196566Anti forSuhartofollowingit militaryprisons
CommunistMass proppingupopposition justlike prisoncamps
Violence CastelloArmasinGuatemala
Support fundingtomilitiasandthearmy BIG QUESTION
UShelpedfinanceopposition
providedthem vitamins whatwastheroleof
enhancingdrugs bullets theU.Sinallofthis
Policyofsilencedenialblurringthetruthaboutthe
Violence
Magsaysay Lansdale o195053 OperativeColEdwardLansdalehelpsDefenseMinisterRamonMangsaysaydefeat
theHukbalahapHukcommunistinsurgency
1953 LansdalehelpsengineerMagsaysay'sascendencytobecomepresidentofthePhillipInes
RamonMagsaysay
EdwardLansdale
MagsaysaysupportedUSforcesinthefightagainsttheJapanesehisunithelpedclearland
forAmericanforcestoarrive
Lansdaleusedovert covertAmerican
moneyandmaterialbothtohelpcrushtheHuksand
bringMagsaysaytothepresidencyInMagsaysaytheU.SSawapersonwhowouldadvance
Americancapitalists diplomaticobjectivesinSEA
1965 MarcosreplacesDiosadoMacapagalaspresident
1969ThenGovRonaldReagancallsMarcosafreedomfighteragainstcommunism
FerdinandMarcos 1983PhilliptheoppositionleaderBenignoAquinoassassinatedUSOfficialsstartexploringhowto
removeMarcosfromoffice
1986 U.SwithdrawssupportforMarcosamidelectionfraud