Nucleic acid summary
nucleic acids
nucleicacids are polymers that storetransmitandexpresshereditarygeneticinfo
twotypesof nucleicacids
DNA deoxyribonucleicacid
function geneticinfo
make up chromosomes genes bond phosphodiester bond
minimiiiticidtitides
controls all cellactivities celldevproteinsynthesis
undergoesmutations evolution
RNA ribonucleicacid
nucleotides monomers of nucleicacids
phosphate group five carbon sugar
differsdepending on polymertypepentosesugar DNA deoxyribosesugar H
nitrogenousbase RNA ribosesugar OH
m
phosphategroup
DNARNAnucleotides contain one each
exception is ATP
nitrogenous base
there are two types
purines 2 ringsfused together
pyrimidines a ring will bond together a Hydrogenbonds
pyrimidines purines
geneticinfo is stored
complementary in nucleotidesequence
basepairing ofnucleic acid
Is itbonds
iYA
iEta
aitbonds
Structure
DNAisdoublestranded anti parallelstrands nucleotides will bondthroughdehydration
RNA is singlestranded synthesis
phosphodiesterbonds
alwaysbetween5 phosphategroup's
OH and 3 Ott of sugarOH hydroxyl growin 5 to 3 direction
Mt
adding 5 endof
phosphate
to 3 carbon
bond
end
polynucleotide
longestpolymer
11
type ofTidleotide not part of a nucleicacid
is anenergymolecule s not for genetic info
phosphoanhydridebonds contains multiple phosphategroups
f stable
adenosine monophosate 1 phosphategroup
adenosine diphosphate 2 phosphate groupsunstable sadenosine triphospate 3 phosphategroupsTalways more phosphates higherenergy
adenine
Eawaysribose phosphatesbonded by phosphoanhydridebond
hydrolysis phosphorylation dehydration
used to breakphospoanhydridebonds usedto form phosphoanhydridebonds
ATP H2O ADP ADP H2O ATP
3phos 2 phos 2phos 3phos
RELEASESenergy EXERGONIC REQUIRESenergy SENDERGONIC
E out G E in obtained
byfoodson
body can use energy adding phosphate molecules unstable